Questions

1. Section: (4 points) We have two principal means of globally measuring water vapor in the atmosphere. Discuss the accuracy and spatial coverage of these two mechanisms.

   Answer (make sure you hard return at the right edge of the window)
   

2. Section: (2 points) (A) Define what is meant by "forecasting by analogy." (4 points)(B) List two advantages and two disadvantages of forecasting by analogy compared to forecasting by use of numerical models.

   Answer (make sure you hard return at the right edge of the window)
   

3. Section: (3 Points) Define sustainable development.

   Answer (make sure you hard return at the right edge of the window)
   

4. Section: (4 points) Use game theory to decide the dominant strategy for an environmental action where the cost per country is 11 units and the benefit per country is 10 units. Show the table used in the calculation.

   Answer (make sure you hard return at the right edge of the window)
   

5. Section: (1 point each) Tropical rainforests differ in a wide variety of ways from temperate and boreal forests. Discuss these differences for the following factors. (A) Seed production and germination. (B) Tree root behavior. (C) Nutrient cycling.

   Answer (make sure you hard return at the right edge of the window)
   

6. Section: (3 points) Discuss the possible forms of skin cancer caused by UV radiation and which are curable.

   Answer (make sure you hard return at the right edge of the window)
   

7. Section: (3 points) Discuss the sources and environmental problems of tropospheric ozone.

   Answer (make sure you hard return at the right edge of the window)
   

8. Section: (3 points) Discuss the following statement: Global warming will likely play a minor role in future occurrences of desertification.

   Answer (make sure you hard return at the right edge of the window)
   

9. Section: (3 points) Observed climate scenarios, global climate models, and sensitivity studies are three ways of evaluating possible future climate change. Give a one-sentence description of each.

   Answer (make sure you hard return at the right edge of the window)
   

10. Section: Antarctica and Greenland are likely to behave differently under global warming. Discuss.

    Answer (make sure you hard return at the right edge of the window)
    

11. Section: The MINK study evaluated impact of climate change on agriculture. (1 point) (A) What does MINK stand for? (1 point) (B) What is meant by farmer adjustments? (2 points) (C) What was the conclusion of the study when all likely factors were accounted for?

    Answer (make sure you hard return at the right edge of the window)
    

12. Section: Groundwater recharge is a significant component of the hydrological cycle. (1 point) (A) Compare groundwater reservoirs and recharge in Iowa to those in Nebraska. (3 points) (B)Suppose you were a farmer is western Iowa considering installing an irrigation system. Assuming they were available, what data would you need to estimate the impact of irrigation pumping on the water table?

    Answer (make sure you hard return at the right edge of the window)
    

13. Section: (3 points) Give three characteristics that are common to countries that have high population growth rates.

    Answer (make sure you hard return at the right edge of the window)
    

14. Section: (3 points) Discuss three ways that land-use practices impact the carbon budget of the landscape.

    Answer (make sure you hard return at the right edge of the window)
    

15. Section: (A) (1 point) What is the difference between a C3 plant and a C4 plant that is important for global-change considerations? (B) (3 points) What impact does this difference have when evaluating impact of climate change on US agricultural production?

    Answer (make sure you hard return at the right edge of the window)