2-8: The Instrument Climate Record, Uncertainties

Short Summaries of Recent Research

• Reconstruction of Paleoclimate Temperatures over the Last 1,000 Years
  
  
• Current European Temperature Highest in Last 500 Years
  
  
• Satellite-derived Measurements Agree with Surface Temperature Trends
  
  
• Impact of Land-Use on Climate Change
  
  
• Climatic Impact of the Eruption of the Mt. Pinatubo Volcano
  
  
• Possible Explanation for Observed Increases in Stratospheric Water Vapor
  
  
• Accelerated warming observed in the South Polar region
  
  
• Enhanced Warming at High Latitudes
  
  

Websites

• Observations of a "Weekend Effect" in Diurnal Temperature Range
  
  
• Surface Temperature Analysis
  
  
• Latest monthly mean global surface air temperature
  
  
• Conventional Meteorological Station Data
  
  
• Global Temperatures from Space and the Surface: Why the Discrepancy?
  
  
• Climactic / Meteorologic Information Sources. Center for Global & Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa.
  
  
• American Association of State Climatologists
  
  
• World Climate data average monthly and yearly rainfall, temperature, and pressure for over 85,000 sites worldwide
  
  

Additional References

• Mears, C.A., and F. J. Wenz, 2005: The effect of diurnal correction on satellite-derived lower tropospheric temperature. Science, 309, 1548-1551.
  
  
• Santer, B. D., and Coauthors, 2005: Amplification of surface temperature trends and variability in the tropical atmosphere. Science, 309, 1551-1556.
  
  
• Sherwood, S. C., J. R. Lanzante, and C. L. Meyer, 2005: Radiosonde daytime biases and late-20th century warming. Science, 309, 1556-1559.
  
  
• Trends in Northern Hemisphere Temperatures over the Last 1,000 Years.
  
  
• Peterson, T.C., 2003: Assessment of urban versus rural in situ surface temperatures in the contiguous United States: No difference found. J. Climate, 16, 2941-1959.
  
  
• Wilby, R. L., 2003: Past and projected trends in London's urban heat island. Weather, 58, 251-260.
  
  
• Mauget, S. A., 2003: Intra- to multidecadal climate variability over the continental United States: 1932-99. J. Climate, 2215-2231.
  
  
• Robock, A., 2002: The climatic aftermath. Science, 1242-1244
  
  
• Sherwood, S., 2002: A microphysical connection among biomass burning, cumulus clouds, and stratospheric moisture. Science, 295, 1272-1275.
  
  
• Gille, S. T., 2002: Warming of the southern ocean since the 1950s. Science, 295, 1275-1277.
  
  
• Sagrarin, R. and F. Micheli, 2001: Climate change in nontraditional data sets. Science, 294, 811.
  
  
• Hunt, G. L., Jr., C. L. Baduini, R. D. Brodeur, K. O. Coyle, N. B. Kachel, J. M. Napp, S. A. Salo, J. D. Schumacher, P. L. Stabeno, D. A. Stockwell, T. E. Whitledge, and S. I. Zeeman, 1999: The Bering Sea in 1998: The second consecutive year of extreme weather-forced anomalies. EOS, 80, 561.
  
  
• Wigley, T. M. L., R. L. Smith, and B. D. Santer, 1998: Anthropogenic Influence on Global Climate. Science, 282, 1676-1679.
  
  
• Houghton, J. T., L. G. Meira Filho, B. A. Callander N. Harris, A. Kattenberg, and K. Maskell, 1996: Climate Change 1995. The Science of Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, 419-423.
  
  
• Cane, Mark A., Amy C. Clement, Alexey Kaplan, Yochanan Kushnir, Dmitri Pozdnyakov, Richard Seager, Stephen E. Zebiak, and Ragu Murtugudde, 1990: Twentieth century sea surface temperature trends. Science, 275, 957-960.
  
  
• Houghton, J. T., G. J. Jenkins, and J. J. Ephraums, 1990: Climate Change, The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, p. 201-216.
  
  
• Easterling, D. R., G. A. Meehl, C. Parmesan, S. A. Changnon, T. R. Karl, and L. O. Mearns: Climate Extremes: Observations Modeling and Impacts. Science, 289, 2068-2074.