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2-10: Climate Variability (El Niño, La
Niña)
Short Summaries of Recent Research
El Niño in a Hotter
Climate
More Hurricanes?
- El Niño Responses to Volcanoes
- African
Droughts Increase Dust in the Caribbean
- Corals Record a Long
History of El Niño
- Extreme Rainfall and Flood Risk in
Europe
- Climate Surprises Triggered by Crossing
Threshold
- Abrupt
Climate Change - Present and Future
- Excess Greenhouse Gases may be Responsible for
Drought
- Climate
fluctuations introduce complex ecosystem changes
- The 1990-1995 El Niño-Southern Oscillation event: Longest on record.
Websites
- Case Study: El Niño 1997-1998
in the Midwest (PDF)
- Sea
Engulfing Alaskan Village
- Ocean Surface Topography
from Space
El Niño/La Niña Websites
-
ENSO Homepage From Climate Diagnostics Center
- NOAA.
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El Niño and global warming: What's the connection?
-
NOAA home page
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NOAA/PMEL TOGA-TAO Home Page: TOGA-TAO Observing Array in the Tropical
Pacific.
-
What is an El Niño? (from NOAA)
-
Environmental and Societal Impacts Group
- El Niño, La Niña harming
water quality along North Carolina coast
- La Niña puts a new
twist on tornado season
-
El Niño bibliography developed by Florida State University library
-
El Niño resource page
-
El Niño Theme Page
-
El Niño Websites in Spanish.
-
Sea Surface Temperature from 1981 to Present
Additional References
- Laxon, S., N. Peacock, and D. Smith, 2003: High interannual
variability of sea ice thickness in the Arctic region. Nature,
425, 947-950.
- Adams, R.M., L.L. Houston, B.A. McCarl, L.M. Tiscareno, G.
Matus, and R.F. Weiher, 2003: The benefits to Mexican agriculture of an El
Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) early warning system. Agricultural
and Forest Meteorology, 115, 183-194.
- Chavez, F. P., J. Ryan, S.E. Lluch-Cota, and M. Niquen C., 2003:
From anchovies to sardines and back: Multidecadal change in the Pacific
Ocean. Science, 299,
217-221.
- Bard, E., 2002: Climate shock: Abrupt changes over millennial time scales. Physics
Today, 55, 32-38.
- Moy, C. M., G. O. Seltzer, D. T. Rodbell,
and D. M. Anderson, 2002: Variability of El Niño/Southern
Oscillation activity at millennial timescales during the Holocene
epoch. Nature, 420, 162-165.
- Urban, R.
E., J. E. Cole, and J. T. Overpeck, 2000: Influence of mean climate change on
climate variability from a 155-year tropical Pacific coral record.
Nature, 407, 989-993.
- Knutson, T. R., R. E. Tuleya, and Y. Kurihara, 1998:
Simulated increase of hurricane intensities in a CO2 -warmed climate.
Science, 279, 1018-1020.
- McGowan, J. A., D.
R. Cayan, and L. M. Dorman, 1998: Climate-ocean variability and ecosystem
response in the northeast Pacific. Science, 281, 210-217.
- Mayewski, P. A., M. S. Twickler, S. I. Whitlow, L. D. Meeker,
Q. Yang, J. Thomas, K. Kruetz, P. M. Grootes, D. L. Morse,
D. J. Steig, E. D. Waddington, E. S. Saltzman, P.-Y. Whung, and K. C.
Taylor, 1996: Climate change during the last deglaciation in
Antarctica. Science, 272.
- Allan, R., 1996: El Niño, Southern Oscillations and Climate
Variability. CSIRO Publication.
- Leetmaa, Ants, 1990:
The interplay of El Niño and La Niña. Oceanus 32, 30-34.
- Houghton, J.T., G.J. Jenkins, J.J. Ephraums, eds, 1990:
1990 Intergovernment Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, 223-233.
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El Niño 3-D sketch