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2-7: Paleoclimate; Ice Core and Lake Sediment Records

Short Summaries of Recent Research

• El Niño in a Hotter Climate
  
  
• Reconstruction of Paleoclimate Temperatures over the Last 1,000 Years
  
  
• Feedback from PETM Could Explain Sustained Warming
  
  
• Is Sudden Warming at the Beginning of the Eocene an Analog for Current Global Warming?
  
  
• 400,000-Year Climate Record from Lake Sediments
  
  
• Current European Temperature Highest in Last 500 Years
  
  
• Contributions of Fires to Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Levels
  
  
• Warming Started in the Southern Hemisphere
  
  
• Corals Record a Long History of El Niño
  
  
• Levels of the Red Sea and Abrupt Climate Change
  
  
• Uncertainties in Reconstructing Global Climate from Paleoclimate Information
  
  
• Abrupt Climate Change - Present and Future
  
  
• Failure of the US Climate Science Plan
  
  
• Climate Caused Collapse of the Mayan Civilization
  
  
• Which Hemisphere Initiated the Warming that Terminated the Last Ice Age?
  
  
• Increased CO₂ and Increased Temperature: Which Came First?
  
  
• Demise of Mountain Glaciers: Burning the Library
  
  
• In Paleoclimate, Get Data from Multiple Sources
  
  
• The next ice age may not arrive so soon
  
  
• Evidence for Cooler Global Temperatures over the Last 1,000 Years
  
  
• Carbon dioxide variations have a Key Role in Creating Ice Ages
  
  
• Global Ice Volume, Deep Ocean Temperatures, and Climate Surprises
  
  
• How records from the past climates support the case for global warming. (From the United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP)
  
  
• From NOAA: Drought history and predictions
  
  
• From NOAA: Paleoclimatology Program
  
  

Websites

• Temperature Measurements in Boreholes: An Overview of Engineering and Scientific Applications
  
  
• Subsurface Temperature Regime
  
  
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
  
  
• The Climate Conditions during the Triassic Period
  
  
• Causes of Climate Change over the Past 1000 Years
  
  
• Temperature and CO2 concentration in the atmosphere over the past 400,000 years (from the Vostok ice core)
  
  
• NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
  
  
• Glaciology bibliography from the University of Tasmania
  
  

Additional References

• Nunes, F., and R.D. Norris, 2006: Abrupt reversal in ocean overturning during the Palaeocene/Eocene warm period. Nature, 439, 60-63.
  
  
• Pagani, M., J. C. Zachos, K. H. Freeman, B. Tipple, and S. Bohaty, 2005: Marked decline in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations during the Paleogene. Science, 309, 600-603.
  
  
• Tarasov, L., and W.R. Peltier, 2005: Arctic freshwater forcing of the Younger Dryas cold reversal. Nature, 435, 662-665. Doi:10.1038/nature03617.
  
  
• Jenkyns, H.C., A. Forster, S. Schouten, and J.S.S. Damste, 2004: High temperatures in the late cretaceous Arctic Ocean. Nature, 432, 888-892.
  
  
• Guyette, R.P., and M.C. Stambaugh, 2004: Ancient oak climate proxies from the agricultural heartland. EOS, 85, 483.
  
  
• Pierce, J.L., G.A. Meyer, and A.J.T. Jull, 2004: Fire-induced erosion and millennial-scale climate change in northern ponderosa pine forests. Nature, 432, 87-90.
  
  
• Cook, E.R., C.A. Woodhouse, C.M. Eakin, D.M. Meko, and D.W. Stahle, 2004: Long-term aridity changes in the western United States. Science, 306, 1015-1018.
  
  
• North Greenland Ice Core Project Members, 2004: High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period. Nature, 431, 147-151.
  
  
• Hughen, K.A., T.I. Eglinton, L. Xu, and M. Makou, 2004: Abrupt tropical vegetation response to rapid climate changes. Science, 304, 1955-1959.
  
  
• Clark, P.U., A.M. McCabe, A.C. Mix, and A.J. Weaver, 2004: Rapid rise of sea level 19,000 years ago and its global implications. Science, 304, 1141-1144.
  
  
• Donnadieu, Y., Y. Godderis, G. Ramstein, A. Nedelec, and J. Meert, 2004: A 'snowball Earth' climate triggered by continental break-up through changes in runoff. Nature, 428, 303-306.
  
  
• Weaver, A.J., and C. Hillaire-Marcel, 2004: Global warming and the next ice age. Science, 304, 400-402.
  
  
• Hughen, K., S. Lehmen, J. Southon, J. Overpeck, O. Marchal, C. Herring, and J. Turnbull, 2004: ¹⁴C activity and global carbon cycle changes over the past 50,000 years. Science, 303, 202-207.
  
  
• Bard, E., F. Rostek, and dG. Menot-Combes, 2004: A better radiocarbon clock. Science, 303, 178-179.
  
  
• Bradley, R.S., M.K. Hughes, and H.F. Diaz, 2003: Climate in Medieval time. Science, 302, 404-405.
  
  
• Trends in Northern Hemisphere Temperatures over the Last 1,000 Years.
  
  
• Kaufman, A. J. and S. Xiao, 2003: High CO₂ levels in the Proterozoic atmosphere estimated from analysis of individual micro-fossils. Nature, 425, 279-282.
  
  
• Clarke, G., D. Leverington, J. Teller, and A. Dyke, 2003: Superlakes, megafloods, and abrupt climate change. Science, 301, 922-923
  
  
• Mann, M. E., et al, 2003: On past temperatures and anomalous late-20th century warmth. EOS, 84, 256-257.
  
  
• DeConto, R. M., and D. Pollard, 2003: Rapid Cenozoic glaciation of Antarctica induced by declining atmospheric CO2. Nature, 421, 245-249.
  
  
• Moore, G. W. K., G. Holdsworth and K. Alverson, 2002: Climate change in the North Pacific region over the past three centuries. Nature, 420, 401-403.
  
  
• Seltzer, G. O., D. T. Rodbell, P. A. Baker, S. C. Fritz, P. M. Tapia, H. D. Rowe, and R. B. Dunbar, 2002: Early warming of tropical South America at the last glacial-interglacial transition. Science, 296, 1685-1686.
  
  
• Schmittner, A., M. Yoshimori, and A. J. Weaver, 2002: Instability of glacial climate in a model of the ocean-atmosphere-cryosphere system. Science, 295, 1489-1493.
  
  
• Clark, P. U., J. X. Mitrovica, G. A. Milne, and M. E. Tamisiea, 2002: Sea-level fingerprinting as a direct test for the source of global meltwater pulse 1A. Science, 295, 2438-2341.
  
  
• Baker, P. A., 2002: Trans-Atlantic climate connections. Science, 296, 67-68.
  
  
• Sabadini, R., 2002: Ice sheet collapse and sea level change. Science, 295, 2376-2377.
  
  
• Johnson, T. C., E. T. Brown, J. McManus, S. Barry, P. Barker, and F. Gasse, 2002: A high-resolution paleoclimate record spanning the past 25,000 years in southern East Africa. Science, 296, 113-132.
  
  
• Colman, S. M., 2002: A fresh look at glacial floods. Science, 296, 1251-1252.
  
  
• Pearson, P. N., P. W. Ditchfield, J. Singano, K. G. Harcourt-Brown, C. J. Nicholas, R. K. Olsson, N. J. Shackleton, and M. A. Hall, 2001: Warm Tropical Sea Surface Temperatures in the Late Cretaceous and Eocene Epochs. Nature, 413, 481-487.
  
  
• Ganopolski, A., and S. Rahmstorf, 2001: Rapid changes of glacial climate simulated in a coupled climate model.Nature, 409, 153-158.
  
  
• Blunier, T., and E. J. Brook, 2001: Timing of millennial-scale climate change in Anartica and Greenland during the last galcial period. Science, 291, 109-112.
  
  
• Shindell, D.T., B. A.Schmidt, M. E. Mann, D. Rind, and A. Waple, 2001: Solar forcing of regional climate change during the Maunder Minimum. Science, 294, 21249-2152.
  
  
• Haigh, J., 2001: Climate variability and the influence of the sun. Science, 294, 2109-2111.
  
  
• Broeker, W. S., and S. Hemming, 2001: Climate swings come into focus. Science, 294, 2308-2309.
  
  
• Labeyrie, L., 2000: Glacial climate instability.Science, 290, 1905-1907.
  
  
• Hughen, K. A., J. R. Southon, S. J. Lehman, and J. T. Overpoeck, 2000: Synchronous radiocarbon and climate shifts during the last deglaciation.Science, 290, 1951-1954.
  
  
• Ivany, L. C., W. P. Patterson, and K. C. Lohmann, 2000: Cooler winters as a possible cause of mass extinctions at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary.Nature, 407, 887-890.
  
  
• Braconnot, P., 2000: Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). Proceedings of the Third PMIP Workshop. World Meteorological Organization. 278 pp.
  
  
• Black, D. E., L. C. Peterson, J. T. Overpeck, A. Kaplan, M. N. Evans, and M. Kashgarian, 1999: Eight centuries of North Atlantic Ocean Atmosphere Variability. Science, 286, 1709-1712.
  
  
• Steig, Eric J., 1999: Mid-Holocene climate change. Science, 286, 1485-86.
  
  
• Katz, Miriam, E., Dorothy K. Pak, Gerald R. Dickens, and Kenneth G. Miller, 1999: The source and fate of massive carbon input during the latest paleocene thermal maximum. Science, 286, 1531-1533.
  
  
• Derr, R. A., 1998: Warming's unpleasant surprise: Shivering in the greenhouse? Science, 281, 156-158.
  
  
• J. A. McGowan, D. R. Cayan, and L. M. Dorman, 1998: Climate-ocean variability and ecosystem response in the northeast Pacific. Science, 281, 210-217.
  
  
• Raymo, M. E., 1998: Glacial puzzles. Science, 281, 1467-1468.
  
  
• Hall, M. J. Nicholas, and Paul J. Valdes, 1997: A GCM simulation of the climate 6000 years ago. J. Climate, 10, 3-17.
  
  
• Oppo, Delia, 1997: Millenial Climate Oscillations. Science, 278, 1244-1245.
  
  
• Overpeck, J., K. Hughen, D. Hardy, R. Bradley, R. Case, M. Douglas, B. Finney, K. Gajewski, G. Jacoby, A. Jennings, SK. Lamoureux, A. Lasca, G. MacDonald, J. Moore, M. Retelle, S. Smith, A. Wolfe, G. Zienlinski, 1997: Artic environmental Change of the Last Four Centuries. Science, 278, 1251-1256.
  
  
• Houghton, J. T., L. G. Meira Filho, B. A. Callander N. Harris, A. Kattenberg, and K. Maskell, 1996: Climate Change 1995. The Science of Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, 413-419.
  
  
• Bond, Gerard, William Showers, Maziet Cheesby, Rusty Lotti, Peter Almasi, Peter deMenocal, Paul Priore, Heidi Cullen, Irka Hajdas, Georges Bonani, 1997: A Pervasive Millennial-Scale Cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and Glacial Climates. Science, 278, 1257-1266.
  
  
• Lange, Carina B., Arndt Schimmelmann, Memorie Yasuda, and Wolfgang H. Berger, 1996: Marine varves off southern California. Scripps Institution of Oceanography-Reference Series, September 24, University of California, San Diego, 54 pp.
  
  
• Oreskes, N., K. Shrader-Frechette, and K. Belitz, 1994: Verification, validation, and confirmation of numerical models in the earth sciences. Science, 263, 641-645.
  
  
• Houghton, J.T., G.J. Jenkins, J.J. Ephraums, eds, 1990: 1990 Intergovernment Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, 99-115.